Class 10 Social Unit 5 Lesson 9 Human Rights and National and International Agencies

Class 10 Social Unit 5 Lesson 9 Human Rights and National and International Agencies

 Lesson-9

Human Rights and National and International Agencies

A. Short Answer Questions

1. Give short introduction to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Ans:- Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings. We all are equal entitled to our human rights without discrimination. The international community promised never to allow violent incidents again. The leaders of the world decided to guarantee the rights of every people. Thus, the UN General Assembly adopted The Universal Declaration of Human Rights on 10th December, 1948 AD. Eleanor Roosevelt who was the first person to initiate the concept of human rights. She was also the chairperson of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights drafting committee. She is recognized as the driving force for the approval and issue of first Universal Declaration of Human Rights from the UN General Assembly. There are 30 articles in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

2. Differentiate between human rights and fundamental rights in four points.

Ans:- The differences between human rights and fundamental rights are as follows:

Human rights

1. It is a widespread expression.
2. It comes under the international law.
3. It is similar in all the countries.
4. International laws make the human rights monitoring mechanism.

• Fundamental rights
• It is limited expression.
• It comes under the national law.
• It may differ from country to country.
• Constitution of the country makes the provision of protection and promotion of fundamental rights.

3. Prepare a model of speech on "right to personal freedom and self-defense to everyone is the foundation of human rights".

Ans:-

Respected Chairperson,

Guests, judge committee, teachers and my dear friends,

Today I am going to express my views on "Right to personal freedom and self-defense to everyone in the foundation of human rights". Before starting my speech I am very grateful to the organizer committee who gave me an opportunity to express my view.

Human rights refer to the privileges that are required for all round development of a personality like social, economic and intellectual. They are inherent in all human being and remain indivisible. The main theme of human right is personal freedom and self-defense. It includes fooding, clothing, reading, writing, free movement, adopting occupation etc. The most important thing in the world is personal freedom. If a person is free he / she can develop personality and career. No one can live in insecurity, fear, terror etc. Everyone loves personal freedom. If a person is free from fear, terror, violence, war, insecurity, it is self-defense, right?

Finally, I like to emphasize that right to personal freedom and self-defense to everyone in the foundation of human rights.

Thank you.

4. How is National Human Rights Commission constituted? What is its role in the protection of human rights?

Ans:- National Human Rights Commission is constituted with the chairperson and four other members appointed by the president on the recommendation of constitutional council for a term of six years. It plays very important role to protect, promote and respect human rights. It conducts inquiries, recommends for action against the violator. It publicizes the name of any official, persons or bodies if found guilty. The motto of NHRC dignity, equality and justice for all.

5. "Fundamental rights are human rights guaranteed by the state to its citizens." Present your logics on it.

Ans:- Constitution plays significant roles to provide Human Rights in the citizens. Every state provides human rights to its citizens through fundamental rights. In the context of Nepal too, under fundamental rights following articles and provisions of human rights are mentioned:

i. Under 'Right to equality' article 1 and 2 of human right is mentioned.

ii. In 'Right to freedom' provision of article 3 of human right is included.

iii. Similarly, article 4 of human right is included in 'Right against exploitation'.

iv. The explanation of article 26 of human right is explained in 'right to children'.

v. At last, the provision of article 29 of human right is including in civic duties of the constitution. So that, we can understand that the rights mentioned in constitution are the human rights.

6. Mention the contribution of Eleanor Roosevelt.

Ans:- Eleanor Roosevelt is a role model for every woman in the world. She was dedicated in the search of human right. She always advocated that every human being should get chance to live freely everywhere. According to her, there should not be any discrimination on ground of caste, race, language, region, religion, job community, etc. After long term of reports and research, she prepared a human right manifesto and presented in UN General Assembly. The UN General Assembly adopted 'The Universal Declaration of Human Rights' on 10th December 1948 AD. After this, she is known all over the world as pioneer of human right. Because of her tireless effort, the people of the world got human right. She supported every country to be established as a legal state because of her efforts, several fundamental rights are included in constitution of the different countries.

7. How do you honor the individual or authority working to protect and promote the human rights?

Ans:- I will honor the individual or authority working to protect and promote the human right in the given ways:

i. By providing national awards, appreciation letters to such people.

ii. By publishing the biography of such great personalities.

iii. By publicizing the contribution of such persons in the different electronic and print Medias.

iv. By providing public owner to such persons.

8. How does the freedom to assemble peacefully guarantee the acquisition of human rights? Introduce your logics.

Ans:- ' Right to freedom' is the fundamental right of Nepalese people mentioned in constitution. Under this right, everyone can assemble peacefully without arms and weapons. There won't be any discrimination between the people assembled together. There is the opportunity to express our ideas, views, opinion etc. There is not discriminating behavior towards each other on ground of class, caste, gender, community, religion, region etc. There is a provision to assemble freely without weapons which ensures peace, security, cooperation, etc. So, the freedom of assemble peacefully guarantee the acquisition of human rights.

B. Long answer questions

1. Various National and international authorities concerned with human rights are working in Nepal for the the protection of human rights. Give short introduction and role of the following agencies in the protection of human rights.

Ans:-

a) National Human Rights Commission:-

- It is a constitutional organ of Nepal. It was established in 2057 BS. It is constituted with a chairperson and four other members appointed by the president on the recommendation of constitutional council for a term of six years. it has been working for the protection and promotion of Human Rights in the country." Dignity, equality and justice for all" is the main motto of this agency.

b) Informal Sector Service Centre (INSEC):-

- It has been working in the sector of human rights and fundamental rights since 1988 AD. It was started with the objective of protecting the rights of people engaged in informal sectors. It has significantly contributed in protecting and promoting the fundamental rights of people in almost all sectors. It has been publishing the Human Rights Year Book every year.

c) Amnesty International:-

- It is an international agency involved in the sector of human rights. It was established in 1961 AD in London with the objectives to conduct please search and generate action to prevent and grave abuses of human rights, and to demand justice for those whose rights have been violated. It works to mobilize public opinion to put pressure on governments that don't take actions against abuse. This organization was awarded with Nobel peace prize in 1977 AD and the United Nations prize in the field of human rights in 1978 AD for its "campaign against torture".